English narration
Narrated by عبد الله بن العباس القرشي
Regarding the Verse "To everyone, We have appointed heirs." (4.33) 'Mawali' means heirs. And regarding-- "And those to whom your right hands have pledged." When the Emigrants came to Medina, an Emigrant used to be the heir of an Ansari with the exclusion of the latter's relatives, and that was because of the bond of brotherhood which the Prophet (ﷺ) had established between them (i.e. the Emigrants and the Ansar). So when the Verses-- "To everyone We have appointed heirs." was revealed, (the inheritance through bond of brotherhood) was cancelled. Ibn `Abbas then said "And those to whom your right hands have pledged." is concerned with the covenant of helping and advising each other. So allies are no longer to be the heir of each other, but they can bequeath each other some of their property by means of a will.
النص العربي
حَدَّثَنِي الصَّلْتُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ ، عَنْ إِدْرِيسَ ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ مُصَرِّفٍ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا : "
وَلِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مَوَالِيَ سورة النساء آية 33 ، قَالَ : وَرَثَةً ، وَالَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ سورة النساء آية 33 كَانَ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ لَمَّا قَدِمُوا الْمَدِينَةَ يَرِثُ الْمُهَاجِرِيُّ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ دُونَ ذَوِي رَحِمِهِ لِلْأُخُوَّةِ الَّتِي آخَى النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَهُمْ ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ وَلِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مَوَالِيَ سورة النساء آية 33 ، نُسِخَتْ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : وَالَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ سورة النساء آية 33 مِنَ النَّصْرِ ، وَالرِّفَادَةِ ، وَالنَّصِيحَةِ ، وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ الْمِيرَاثُ وَيُوصِي لَهُ
" ، سَمِعَ أَبُو أُسَامَةَ إِدْرِيسَ ، وَسَمِعَ إِدْرِيسُ طَلْحَةَ .