Sahih al-Bukhari · Book 43

كِتَاب الِاسْتِقْرَاضِ وَأَدَاءِ الدُّيُونِ وَالْحَجْرِ وَالتَّفْلِيسِ

The Book of Loans, Freezing of Property, and Bankruptcy

23 hadith · 18 chapters

The chapter divisions

Chapters in this book

11- بَابُ مَنِ اشْتَرَى بِالدَّيْنِ وَلَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ ثَمَنُهُ، أَوْ لَيْسَ بِحَضْرَتِهِ:(1) Chapter. Whoever buys a thing on credit and does not have its price or has it, but not at the place of the transaction.22- بَابُ مَنْ أَخَذَ أَمْوَالَ النَّاسِ يُرِيدُ أَدَاءَهَا أَوْ إِتْلاَفَهَا:(2) Chapter. Whoever takes the money of people intending to repay it or to destroy it or to spoil it.33- بَابُ أَدَاءِ الدُّيُونِ:(3) Chapter. Repayment of debts.44- بَابُ اسْتِقْرَاضِ الإِبِلِ:(4) Chapter. To buy camels on credit.55- بَابُ حُسْنِ التَّقَاضِي:(5) Chapter. Demanding debts handsomely.66- بَابُ هَلْ يُعْطَى أَكْبَرَ مِنْ سِنِّهِ:(6) Chapter. Can one give an older (camel) than that he owes?77- بَابُ حُسْنِ الْقَضَاءِ:(7) Chapter. Repaying debts handsomely.88- بَابُ إِذَا قَضَى دُونَ حَقِّهِ أَوْ حَلَّلَهُ فَهْوَ جَائِزٌ:(8) Chapter. If somebody repays less than what he owes, (and the creditor accepts it) or if the creditor exempt the debtor from paying (there is no objection).99- بَابُ إِذَا قَاصَّ أَوْ جَازَفَهُ فِي الدَّيْنِ تَمْرًا بِتَمْرٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ:(9) Chapter. It is permissible for one to settle one’s accounts by repaying for the dates one owes, dates or other things, and one can repay them without weighing or measuring them (if the creditor agrees).1010- بَابُ مَنِ اسْتَعَاذَ مِنَ الدَّيْنِ:(10) Chapter. Whoever seek refuge with Allah from being in debt.1111- بَابُ الصَّلاَةِ عَلَى مَنْ تَرَكَ دَيْنًا:(11) Chapter. The funeral Salat (prayer) for a dead person in debt.1212- بَابُ مَطْلُ الْغَنِيِّ ظُلْمٌ:(12) Chapter. Procrastination (delay) in repaying debts by a wealthy person is injustice.1313- بَابُ لِصَاحِبِ الْحَقِّ مَقَالٌ:(13) Chapter. The owner of the right has the permission to demand his right.1414- بَابُ إِذَا وَجَدَ مَالَهُ عِنْدَ مُفْلِسٍ فِي الْبَيْعِ وَالْقَرْضِ وَالْوَدِيعَةِ، فَهْوَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ:(14) Chapter. If somebody lends something or sells it on credit or deposits it as a trust, and the new possessor gets the bankrupt, the former owner has a more right than the other creditors to restore that thing if he find it with the bankrupt.1516- بَابُ مَنْ بَاعَ مَالَ الْمُفْلِسِ أَوِ الْمُعْدِمِ فَقَسَمَهُ بَيْنَ الْغُرَمَاءِ، أَوْ أَعْطَاهُ حَتَّى يُنْفِقَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ:(16) Chapter. Whoever sold the property of a bankrupt or a poor man and divided the money amongst the creditors or gave it (piecemeal) to the man to spend it on his affairs.1618- بَابُ الشَّفَاعَةِ فِي وَضْعِ الدَّيْنِ:(18)Chapter. Intercession for the reduction of debts.1719- بَابُ مَا يُنْهَى عَنْ إِضَاعَةِ الْمَالِ:(19) Chapter. What is forbidden as regards wasting money.1820- بَابُ الْعَبْدُ رَاعٍ فِي مَالِ سَيِّدِهِ وَلاَ يَعْمَلُ إِلاَّ بِإِذْنِهِ:(20) Chapter. A slave is a guardian of the property of his master and he should not use it except with the master’s permission.

Opening leaves

First narrations

Bukhari · 2385كَيْفَ تَرَى بَعِيرَكَ ، أَتَبِيعُنِيهِ ؟ قُلْتُ : نَعَمْ ، فَبِعْتُهُ إِيَّاهُ ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ غَدَوْتُ إِلَيْهِ بِالْبَعِيرِ ، فَأَعْطَانِي ثَمَنَهُWhile I was in the company of the Prophet (ﷺ) in one of his Ghazawat, he asked, "What is wrong with your camel? Will you sell it?" I replied in the affirmative and sold it to him. When he reached Medina, I took the camel5 narratorsBukhari · 2386أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ اشْتَرَى طَعَامًا مِنْ يَهُودِيٍّ إِلَى أَجَلٍ ، وَرَهَنَهُ دِرْعًا مِنْ حَدِيدٍWhen we were with Ibrahim, we talked about mortgaging in deals of Salam. Ibrahim narrated from Aswad that 'Aisha had said, "The Prophet (ﷺ) bought some foodstuff on credit from a Jew and mortgaged an iron armor to him."6 narratorsBukhari · 2387مَنْ أَخَذَ أَمْوَالَ النَّاسِ يُرِيدُ أَدَاءَهَا أَدَّى اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، وَمَنْ أَخَذَ يُرِيدُ إِتْلَافَهَا أَتْلَفَهُ اللَّهُThe Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Whoever takes the money of the people with the intention of repaying it, Allah will repay it on his behalf, and whoever takes it in order to spoil it, then Allah will spoil him."5 narratorsBukhari · 2388كُنْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَلَمَّا أَبْصَرَ يَعْنِي أُحُدًا ، قَالَ : مَا أُحِبُّ أَنَّهُ يُحَوَّلُ لِي ذَهَبًا يَمْكُثُ عِنْدِي مِنْهُ دِينَارٌ فَوْقَ ثَلَاثٍ إِلَّا دِينَارًا أُرْصِدُهُOnce, while I was in the company of the Prophet, he saw the mountain of Uhud and said, "I would not like to have this mountain turned into gold for me unless nothing of it, not even a single Dinar remains of it with me f5 narratorsBukhari · 2389لَوْ كَانَ لِي مِثْلُ أُحُدٍ ذَهَبًا مَا يَسُرُّنِي أَنْ لَا يَمُرَّ عَلَيَّ ثَلَاثٌ وَعِنْدِي مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ ، إِلَّا شَيْءٌ أُرْصِدُهُ لِدَيْنٍAllah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "If I had gold equal to the mountain of Uhud, it would not please me that it should remain with me for more than three days, except an amount which I would keep for repaying debts."9 narrators·parallel chainBukhari · 2390اشْتَرُوهُ فَأَعْطُوهُ إِيَّاهُ ، فَإِنَّ خَيْرَكُمْ أَحْسَنُكُمْ قَضَاءًA man demanded his debts from Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) in such a rude manner that the companions of the Prophet intended to harm him, but the Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Leave him, no doubt, for he (the creditor) has the right to de5 narratorsBukhari · 2391مَاتَ رَجُلٌ ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ : قَالَ : كُنْتُ أُبَايِعُ النَّاسَ فَأَتَجَوَّزُ عَنِ الْمُوسِرِ وَأُخَفِّفُ عَنِ الْمُعْسِرِ ، فَغُفِرَ لَهُI heard the Prophet (ﷺ) saying, "Once a man died and was asked, 'What did you use to say (or do) (in your life time)?' He replied, 'I was a businessman and used to give time to the rich to repay his debt and (used to) de6 narratorsBukhari · 2392أَعْطُوهُ ، فَإِنَّ مِنْ خِيَارِ النَّاسِ أَحْسَنَهُمْ قَضَاءًA man came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and demanded a camel (the Prophet (ﷺ) owed him). Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) told his companions to give him (a camel). They said, "We do not find except an older camel (than what he demands). (Th6 narratorsBukhari · 2393حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ : كَانَ لِرَجُلٍ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سThe Prophet (ﷺ) owed a camel of a certain age to a man who came to demand it back. The Prophet (ﷺ) ordered his companions to give him. They looked for a camel of the same age but found nothing but a camel one year older.5 narratorsBukhari · 2394صَلِّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ ، وَكَانَ لِي عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ فَقَضَانِي وَزَادَنِيI went to the Prophet (ﷺ) while he was in the Mosque. (Mas'ar thinks, that Jabir went in the forenoon.) After the Prophet (ﷺ) told me to pray two rak'at, he repaid me the debt he owed me and gave me an extra amount.4 narratorsBukhari · 2395أَنَّ أَبَاهُ قُتِلَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ شَهِيدًا وَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ ، فَاشْتَدَّ الْغُرَمَاءُ فِي حُقُوقِهِمْ ، فَأَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَسَأَلَهُمْ ، أَنْ يَقْبَلُوا تَمْرَ حَائِطِي وَيُحَلِّلُMy father was martyred on the day (of the battle) of Uhud, and he was in debt. His creditors demanded their rights persistently. I went to the Prophet (and informed him about it). He told them to take the fruits of my ga6 narratorsBukhari · 2396أَنَّ أَبَاهُ تُوُفِّيَ وَتَرَكَ عَلَيْهِ ثَلَاثِينَ وَسْقًا لِرَجُلٍ مِنْ الْيَهُودِ ، فَاسْتَنْظَرَهُ جَابِرٌ ، فَأَبَى أَنْ يُنْظِرَهُ ، فَكَلَّمَ جَابِرٌ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِيَشْفَعَ لWhen my father died he owed a Jew thirty Awsuq (of dates). I requested him to give me respite for repaying but he refused. I requested Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) to intercede with the Jew. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) went to the Je5 narrators