Sahih al-Bukhari · Book 85

كِتَاب الْفَرَائِضِ

The Book of Al-Farad (The Laws of Inheritance)

48 hadith · 29 chapters

The chapter divisions

Chapters in this book

12- بَابُ تَعْلِيمِ الْفَرَائِضِ:(2) Chapter. Learning about the Laws of Inheritance (descent and distribution).23- بَابُ قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «لاَ نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ»:(3) Chapter. The statement of the Prophet: “Our (i.e., Messengers’) property is not to be inherited, and whatever we leave (after our death), is Sadaqa (to be spent in charity)."34- بَابُ قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «مَنْ تَرَكَ مَالاً فَلأَهْلِهِ»:(4) Chapter. The statement of the Prophet: “Whoever leaves some property (after his death), then it is for his family (inheritors)."45- بَابُ مِيرَاثِ الْوَلَدِ مِنْ أَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ:(5) Chapter. The inheritance share of the offspring from the property of their dead fathers and mothers.56- بَابُ مِيرَاثِ الْبَنَاتِ:(6) Chapter. The inheritance of daughters (i.e., their right to inherit property).67- بَابُ مِيرَاثِ ابْنِ الاِبْنِ، إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنِ ابْنٌ:(7) Chapter. The inheritance of one’s grandchild if one has no child.78- بَابُ مِيرَاثِ ابْنَةِ ابْنٍ مَعَ ابْنَةٍ:(8) Chapter. The share of inheritance of one‘s son’s daughter in the presence of own daughter.89- بَابُ مِيرَاثِ الْجَدِّ مَعَ الأَبِ وَالإِخْوَةِ:(9) Chapter. The shares of inheritance for the (living) paternal grandfather, the father and brothers of the deceased.910- بَابُ مِيرَاثِ الزَّوْجِ مَعَ الْوَلَدِ وَغَيْرِهِ:(10) Chapter. The inheritance of the husband along with the offspring and other relatives (of the deceased).1011- بَابُ مِيرَاثِ الْمَرْأَةِ وَالزَّوْجِ مَعَ الْوَلَدِ وَغَيْرِهِ:(11) Chapter. The inheritance of a woman and a husband along with the offspring and other relatives.1112- بَابُ مِيرَاثِ الأَخَوَاتِ مَعَ الْبَنَاتِ عَصَبَةً:(12) Chapter. The sisters (of the deceased) share the inheritance with the daughters (of the deceased), the sisters being treated as the Asaba.1213- بَابُ مِيرَاثِ الأَخَوَاتِ وَالإِخْوَةِ:(13) Chapter. The inheritance of the sisters and brothers.1314- بَابُ: {يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلاَلَةِ إِنِ امْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَلَهُ أُخْتٌ فَلَهَا نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ وَهُوَ يَرِثُهَا إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا وَلَدٌ فَإِنْ كَانَتَا اثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُمَا الثُّلُثَانِ مِمَّا تَرَكَ وَإِنْ كَانُوا إِخْوَةً رِجَالاً وَنِسَاءً فَلِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الأُنْثَيَيْنِ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَضِلُّوا وَاللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ}:(14) Chapter. (The Statement of Allah:) “They ask you for a legal verdict. Say; ‘Allah directs (thus) about Al-Kalalah (those who leave neither decendants nor ascendants as heirs). If it is a man that dies, leaving a sister, but no child, she shall have half the inheritance. If (such a deceased was) a woman, who left no child, her brother takes her inheritance. If there are two sisters, they shall have two-thirds of the inheritance; if there are brothers and sisters, then the male will have twice the share of the female.’ (Thus) dose Allah makes clear to you (His Law), lest you go astray. And Allah is the All-Knower of everything." (V.4:176)1415- بَابُ ابْنَيْ عَمٍّ أَحَدُهُمَا أَخٌ لِلأُمِّ وَالآخَرُ زَوْجٌ:(15) Chapter. Regarding the heirs of a lady who dies, leaving two cousins, one of whom is her maternal brother and the other, her husband.1516- بَابُ ذَوِي الأَرْحَامِ:(16) Chapter. (Can) kindred by blood (i.e., Dhawil-Arham) (be the heir of the deceased).1617- بَابُ مِيرَاثِ الْمُلاَعَنَةِ:(17) Chapter. The inheritance in the case of Mulaana.1718- بَابُ الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ حُرَّةً كَانَتْ أَوْ أَمَةً:(18) Chapter. The child is for the owner of the bed, whether its mother was a free lady or a slave-girl.1819- بَابُ الْوَلاَءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ، وَمِيرَاثُ اللَّقِيطِ:(19) Chapter. Al-Wala is for the manumitter. (Regarding) the inheritance of Al-Laqit (a small child or an insane person, who has nobody to be responsible for him).1920- بَابُ مِيرَاثِ السَّائِبَةِ:(20) Chapter. The heir of the Saiba (a slave whose master frees him and tells him that nobody will be entitled to get his Wala).2021- بَابُ إِثْمِ مَنْ تَبَرَّأَ مِنْ مَوَالِيهِ:(21) Chapter. The sin of the freed slave who denies his master who has freed him.2122- بَابُ إِذَا أَسْلَمَ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ:(22) Chapter. If someone is converted to Islam through somebody else.2223- بَابُ مَا يَرِثُ النِّسَاءُ مِنَ الْوَلاَءِ:(23) Chapter. What a women can inherit of the Wala.2324- بَابُ مَوْلَى الْقَوْمِ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ، وَابْنُ الأُخْتِ مِنْهُمْ:(24) Chapter. The freed slave belongs to the people who have freed him. And the son of the sister of some people is one of them (belongs to those people).2425- بَابُ مِيرَاثِ الأَسِيرِ:(25) Chapter. The inheritance of a captive (in the hands of the enemy).2526- بَابُ لاَ يَرِثُ الْمُسْلِمُ الْكَافِرَ وَلاَ الْكَافِرُ الْمُسْلِمَ، وَإِذَا أَسْلَمَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْسَمَ الْمِيرَاثُ فَلاَ مِيرَاثَ لَهُ:(26) Chapter. Neither a Muslim can be the heir of a disbeliever, nor a disbeliever can be the heir of a Muslim. And if somebody becomes a Muslim bfore the property of his dead (disbelievers) relative is divided among the heirs, he will have no share.2628- بَابُ مَنِ ادَّعَى أَخًا أَوِ ابْنَ أَخٍ:(28) Chapter. Whoever claims that somebody is his brother or his nephew.2729- بَابُ مَنِ ادَّعَى إِلَى غَيْرِ أَبِيهِ:(29) Chapter. Whoever claims to be the son of a person other than his father.2830- بَابُ إِذَا ادَّعَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ ابْنًا:(30) Chapter. If a lady claims to be the mother of a son.2931- بَابُ الْقَائِفِ:(31) Chapter. The Qaif (one who is expert in noticing resemblance between persons belonging to the same lineage).

Opening leaves

First narrations

Bukhari · 6724إِيَّاكُمْ وَالظَّنَّ ، فَإِنَّ الظَّنَّ أَكْذَبُ الْحَدِيثِ ، وَلَا تَحَسَّسُوا ، وَلَا تَجَسَّسُوا ، وَلَا تَبَاغَضُوا ، وَلَا تَدَابَرُوا ، وَكُونُوا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ إِخْوَانًاAllah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, 'Beware of suspicion, for it is the worst of false tales and don't look for the other's faults and don't spy and don't hate each other, and don't desert (cut your relations with) one another O5 narratorsBukhari · 6725حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ ، عَنْ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ " أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ ، وَالْعَبَّاسَ عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَام أَتَيَا Fatima and Al `Abbas came to Abu Bakr, seeking their share from the property of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and at that time, they were asking for their land at Fadak and their share from Khaibar. Abu Bakr said to them, " I ha6 narratorsBukhari · 6726لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ ، إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِFatima and Al `Abbas came to Abu Bakr, seeking their share from the property of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and at that time, they were asking for their land at Fadak and their share from Khaibar. Abu Bakr said to them, " I ha1 narratorsBukhari · 6727لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌThe Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Our (Apostles') property should not be inherited, and whatever we leave, is to be spent in charity."6 narratorsBukhari · 6728لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ'I went and entered upon `Umar, his doorman, Yarfa came saying `Uthman, `Abdur-Rahman, Az- Zubair and Sa`d are asking your permission (to see you). May I admit them? `Umar said, 'Yes.' So he admitted them Then he came ag13 narratorsBukhari · 6729لَا يَقْتَسِمُ وَرَثَتِي دِينَارًا ، مَا تَرَكْتُ بَعْدَ نَفَقَةِ نِسَائِي ، وَمَئُونَةِ عَامِلِي ، فَهُوَ صَدَقَةٌAllah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Not even a single Dinar of my property should be distributed (after my deaths to my inheritors, but whatever I leave excluding the provision for my wives and my servants, should be spent in c5 narratorsBukhari · 6730أَنَّ أَزْوَاجَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، أَرَدْنَ أَنْ يَبْعَثْنَ عُثْمَانَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ يَسْأَلْنَهُ مِيرَاثَهُنَّ ، فَقَالَت`Aisha said, "When Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) died, his wives intended to send `Uthman to Abu Bakr asking him for their share of the inheritance." Then `Aisha said to them, "Didn't Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) say, 'Our (Apostles') 5 narratorsBukhari · 6731أَنَا أَوْلَى بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ ، فَمَنْ مَاتَ وَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ ، وَلَمْ يَتْرُكْ وَفَاءً ، فَعَلَيْنَا قَضَاؤُهُ ، وَمَنْ تَرَكَ مَالًا ، فَلِوَرَثَتِهِThe Prophet (ﷺ) said, "I am more closer to the believers than their own selves, so whoever (of them) dies while being in debt and leaves nothing for its repayment, then we are to pay his debts on his behalf and whoever (6 narratorsBukhari · 6732أَلْحِقُوا الْفَرَائِضَ بِأَهْلِهَا ، فَمَا بَقِيَ فَهُوَ لِأَوْلَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍThe Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Give the Fara'id (the shares of the inheritance that are prescribed in the Qur'an) to those who are entitled to receive it. Then whatever remains, should be given to the closest male relative of th5 narratorsBukhari · 6733مَرِضْتُ بِمَكَّةَ مَرَضًا فَأَشْفَيْتُ مِنْهُ عَلَى الْمَوْتِ ، فَأَتَانِي النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَعُودُنِي ، فَقُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، إِنَّ لِي مَالًا كَثِيرًا وَلَيْسَ يَرِثُنِي إِلَّا اI was stricken by an ailment that led me to the verge of death. The Prophet (ﷺ) came to pay me a visit. I said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! I have much property and no heir except my single daughter. Shall I give two-third5 narratorsBukhari · 6734أَتَانَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ ، بِالْيَمَنِ مُعَلِّمًا وَأَمِيرًا ، فَسَأَلْنَاهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تُوُفِّيَ وَتَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَأُخْتَهُ ، فَأَعْطَى الِابْنَةَ النِّصْفَ ، وَالْأُخْتَ النِّصْفَMu'adh bin Jabal came to us in Yemen as a tutor and a ruler, and we (the people of Yemen) asked him about (the distribution of the property of ) a man who had died leaving a daughter and a sister. Mu'adh gave the daughte6 narratorsBukhari · 6735أَلْحِقُوا الْفَرَائِضَ بِأَهْلِهَا فَمَا بَقِيَ ، فَهُوَ لِأَوْلَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍAllah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Give the Fara'id (shares prescribed in the Qur'an) to those who are entitled to receive it; and whatever remains, should be given to the closest male relative of the deceased.'5 narrators